Technology Glossary
Hi everyone!
Here's some Technology Glossary with the definition. If you reading this, I hope it will be useful for you! :)
access point:
A device that allows wireless-equipped computers and other devices to communicate with a wired network.
accessibility:
As specified in Section 508 of the 1998 Rehabilitation Act, the process of designing and developing Web sites and other technology that can be navigated and understood by all people, including those with visual, hearing, motor, or cognitive impairments. This type of design also can benefit people with older/slower software and hardware.
ActiveX:
A technology from Microsoft that links desktop applications to the World Wide Web. Using ActiveX tools, interactive web content can be created. Example: In addition to viewing Word and Excel documents from within a browser, additional functionality such as animation, credit card transactions, or spreadsheet calculations.
address:
Identifies the location of an Internet resource. Examples: an e-mail address (sales@dataprise.com); a web address (http://www.dataprise.com); or an internet address (192.168.100.1).
alias:
A short, easy to remember name created for use in place of a longer, more complicated name; commonly used in e-mail applications. Also referred to as a "nickname".
anonymous FTP:
Archive sites where Internet users can log in and download files and programs without a special username or password. Typically, you enter anonymous as a username and your e-mail address as a password.
backbone:
A term that is often used to describe the main network connections that comprise the Internet or other major networks.
bandwidth:
A measurement of the amount of data that can be transmitted over a network at any given time. The higher the network's bandwidth, the greater the volume of data that can be transmitted.
BCP:
Business Continuity Plan, or "BCP," is a set of documents, instructions, and procedures which enable a business to respond to accidents, disasters, emergencies, and/or threats without any stoppage or hindrance in its key operations. It is also called a business resumption plan, disaster recovery plan, or rec
BinHex:
A common file format for Macintosh computers; it enables a binary file to be transferred over the Internet as an ASCII file. Using a program like Stuffit, a file can be encoded and renamed with a ".hqx" extension. The recipient uses a similar program to decode the file.
bit:
A binary digit (either 0 or 1); it is the most basic unit of data that can be recognized and processed by a computer.
blended learning:
Instruction that combines aspects of both face-to-face (F2F) and online learning experiences. An increasing number of courses at OSU now offer this type of mix.
blog:
Refers to a weblog, a web page that contains journal-like entries and links that are updated daily for public viewing.
bluetooth:
A wireless networking technology that allows users to send voice and data from one electronic device to another via radio waves.
BMP:
Bitmap file; a common image format on Windows computers. Files of this type usually have the suffix ".bmp" as part of their name.
bookmark:
A feature available in certain programs like Internet Explorer, Firefox, and Acrobat Reader; it is a shortcut you can use to get to a particular web page (IE and Firefox) or to a specified location within a document (PDF).
bridge:
A device used for connecting two Local Area Networks (LANs) or two segments of the same LAN; bridges forward packets without analyzing or re-routing them.
broadband connection:
A high-speed Internet connection; at present, cable modems and DSL (Digital Subscriber Lines) are the two technologies that are most commonly available to provide such access.
browser:
A program used to access World Wide Web pages. Examples: Firefox, Safari or Internet Explorer.
buffer:
On a multitasking system, a certain amount of RAM that is allocated as a temporary holding area so that the CPU can manipulate data before transferring it to a particular device.
cable modem:
A special type of modem that connects to a local cable TV line to provide a continuous connection to the Internet. Like an analog modem, a cable modem is used to send and receive data, but the difference is that transfer speeds are much faster. A 56 Kbps modem can receive data at about 53 Kbps, while a cable modem can achieve about 1.5 Mbps (about 30 times faster). Cable modems attach to a 10Base-T Ethernet card inside your computer.
cache:
Refers to: 1) a region of computer memory where frequently accessed data can be stored for rapid access; or 2) an optional file on your hard drive where such data also can be stored. Examples: Internet Explorer and Firefox have options for defining both memory and disk cache. The act of storing data for fast retrieval is called "caching".
captcha:
A challenge-response test in the form of an image of distorted text the user must enter that to determine whether the user is human or an automated bot.
case-sensitive:
Generally applies to a data input field; a case-sensitive restriction means lower-case letters are not equivalent to the same letters in upper-case. Example: "data" is not recognized as being the same word as "Data" or "DATA".
CBT:
Computer-Based Training; a type of training in which a student learns a particular application by using special programs on a computer. Sometimes referred to as "CAI" (Computer-Assisted Instruction) or "CBI" (Computer-Based Instruction), although these two terms may also be used to describe a computer program used to assist a teacher or trainer in classroom instruction.
CD-R drive:
A type of disk drive that can create CD-ROMs and audio CDs. CD-R drives that feature multi-session recording allow you to continue adding data to a compact disk which is very important if you plan on using the drive for backup.
CD-ROM:
Compact Disk, Read Only Memory; a high-capacity secondary storage medium. The information contained on a CD is read-only. Special CD-ROM mastering equipment available in the OIT Multimedia Lab can be reserved for creating new CDs.
CD-RW, CD-R disk:
A CD-RW disk allows you to write data onto it multiple times instead of just once (a CD-R disk). With a CD-R drive, you can use a CD-RW disk just like a floppy or zip disk for backing up files, as well as for creating CD-ROMs and audio CDs.
CGI:
Common Gateway Interface; a mechanism used by most web servers to process data received from a client browser (e.g., a user). CGI scripts contain the instructions that tell the web server what to do with the data.
chat:
Real-time communication between two or more users via networked-connected computers. After you enter a chat (or chat room), any user can type a message that will appear on the monitors of all the other participants. While most ISPs offer chat, it is not supported by OIT. However, the campus CMS (Carmen) supported by TELR does provide the capability for a live chat among students participating in online courses.
client:
A program or computer that connects to and requests information from a server. Examples: Internet Explorer or Firefox. A client program also may be referred to as "client software" or "client-server software".
daemon:
A special small program that performs a specific task; it may run all the time watching a system, or it can take action only when a task needs to be performed. Example: If an e-mail message is returned to you as undeliverable, you may receive a message from the mailer daemon.
database:
A collection of information organized so that a computer application can quickly access selected information; it can be thought of as an electronic filing system. Traditional databases are organized by fields, records (a complete set of fields), and files (a collection of records). Alternatively, in a Hypertext database, any object (e.g., text, a picture, or a film) can be linked to any other object.
degauss:
A process used to remove magnetism from a computer monitor. Note flat-panel displays do not have a degauss button since magnetism doesn't build up in them.
desktop:
On computers like IBM PC or compatibles and Macintoshes, the backdrop where windows and icons for disks and applications reside.
DHCP:
Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol; a protocol that lets a server on a local network assign temporary IP addresses to a computer or other network devices.
dialog box:
Sometimes referred to as a window; on a graphical user interface system, an enclosed area displayed by a program or process to prompt a user for entry of information in one or more boxes (fields).
Dial-Up Adapter:
A network component within Windows that enables you to connect to a dial-up server via a modem. Users running dial-up connections on Windows computers must have Dial-Up Adapter installed and properly configured.
dial-up connection:
A connection from your computer that goes through a regular telephone line. You use special communications software to instruct your modem to dial a number to access another computer system or a network. May also be referred to as "dial-up networking".
digital asset:
Intellectual content which has been digitized and can be referenced or retrieved online; for example, PowerPoint slides, audio or video files, or files created in a word processing application, etc.
EAP:
Extensible Authentication Protocol; a general protocol for authentication that also supports multiple authentication methods.
EGA:
Extended Graphics Adapter; a card (or board) usually found in older PCs that enables the monitor to display 640 pixels horizontally and 350 vertically.
eLearning:
Electronic learning; applies to a wide scope of processes including Web-based learning, computer-based instruction, virtual classrooms, and digital collaboration. Content may be delivered in a variety of ways including via the Internet, satellite broadcast, interactive TV, and DVD- or CD-ROMs.
e-mail:
Electronic mail; the exchange of messages between users who have access to either the same system or who are connected via a network (often the Internet). If a user is not logged on when a new message arrives, it is stored for later retrieval.
female connector:
A cable connector that has holes and plugs into a port or interface to connect one device to another.
field:
A single piece of information within a database (e.g., an entry for name or address). Also refers to a specific area within a dialog box or a window where information can be entered.
file:
A collection of data that has a name (called the filename). Almost all the information on a computer is stored in some type of file. Examples: data file (contains data such as a group of records); executable file (contains a program or commands that are executable); text file (contains data that can be read using a standard text editor).
filter:
Refers to: 1) a program that has the function of translating data into a different format (e.g., a program used to import or export data or a particular file); 2) a pattern that prevents non-matching data from passing through (e.g., email filters); and 3) in paint programs and image editors, a special effect that can be applied to a bit map.
finger:
A type of directory service on many UNIX systems. Queries take the format firstname_lastname (e.g., jane_doe) or for more complete information,=firstname.lastname (e.g.,=jane_doe).
firewall:
A method of preventing unauthorized access to or from a particular network; firewalls can be implemented in both hardware and software, or both.
FireWire:
A way to connect different pieces of equipment so they can quickly and easily share information. FireWire (also referred to as IEEE1394 High-Performance Serial Bus) is very similar to USB. It preceded the development of USB when it was originally created in 1995 by Apple. FireWire devices are hotly-pluggable, which means they can be connected and disconnected any time, even with the power on. When a new FireWire device is connected to a computer, the operating system automatically detects it and prompts for the driver disk (thus the reference "plug-and-play").
flash drive:
A small device that plugs into computer's USB port and functions as a portable hard drive.
flash memory:
A type of memory that retains information even after power is turned off; commonly used in memory cards and USB flash drives for storage and transfer of data between computers and other digital products.
folder:
An area on a hard disk that contains a related set of files or alternatively, the icon that represents a directory or subdirectory.
font:
A complete assortment of letters, numbers, and symbols of a specific size and design. There are hundreds of different fonts ranging from businesslike type styles to fonts composed only of special characters such as math symbols or miniature graphics.
Source: https://www.dataprise.com/it-glossary
Here's some Technology Glossary with the definition. If you reading this, I hope it will be useful for you! :)
access point:
A device that allows wireless-equipped computers and other devices to communicate with a wired network.
accessibility:
As specified in Section 508 of the 1998 Rehabilitation Act, the process of designing and developing Web sites and other technology that can be navigated and understood by all people, including those with visual, hearing, motor, or cognitive impairments. This type of design also can benefit people with older/slower software and hardware.
ActiveX:
A technology from Microsoft that links desktop applications to the World Wide Web. Using ActiveX tools, interactive web content can be created. Example: In addition to viewing Word and Excel documents from within a browser, additional functionality such as animation, credit card transactions, or spreadsheet calculations.
address:
Identifies the location of an Internet resource. Examples: an e-mail address (sales@dataprise.com); a web address (http://www.dataprise.com); or an internet address (192.168.100.1).
alias:
A short, easy to remember name created for use in place of a longer, more complicated name; commonly used in e-mail applications. Also referred to as a "nickname".
anonymous FTP:
Archive sites where Internet users can log in and download files and programs without a special username or password. Typically, you enter anonymous as a username and your e-mail address as a password.
backbone:
A term that is often used to describe the main network connections that comprise the Internet or other major networks.
bandwidth:
A measurement of the amount of data that can be transmitted over a network at any given time. The higher the network's bandwidth, the greater the volume of data that can be transmitted.
BCP:
Business Continuity Plan, or "BCP," is a set of documents, instructions, and procedures which enable a business to respond to accidents, disasters, emergencies, and/or threats without any stoppage or hindrance in its key operations. It is also called a business resumption plan, disaster recovery plan, or rec
BinHex:
A common file format for Macintosh computers; it enables a binary file to be transferred over the Internet as an ASCII file. Using a program like Stuffit, a file can be encoded and renamed with a ".hqx" extension. The recipient uses a similar program to decode the file.
bit:
A binary digit (either 0 or 1); it is the most basic unit of data that can be recognized and processed by a computer.
blended learning:
Instruction that combines aspects of both face-to-face (F2F) and online learning experiences. An increasing number of courses at OSU now offer this type of mix.
blog:
Refers to a weblog, a web page that contains journal-like entries and links that are updated daily for public viewing.
bluetooth:
A wireless networking technology that allows users to send voice and data from one electronic device to another via radio waves.
BMP:
Bitmap file; a common image format on Windows computers. Files of this type usually have the suffix ".bmp" as part of their name.
bookmark:
A feature available in certain programs like Internet Explorer, Firefox, and Acrobat Reader; it is a shortcut you can use to get to a particular web page (IE and Firefox) or to a specified location within a document (PDF).
bridge:
A device used for connecting two Local Area Networks (LANs) or two segments of the same LAN; bridges forward packets without analyzing or re-routing them.
broadband connection:
A high-speed Internet connection; at present, cable modems and DSL (Digital Subscriber Lines) are the two technologies that are most commonly available to provide such access.
browser:
A program used to access World Wide Web pages. Examples: Firefox, Safari or Internet Explorer.
buffer:
On a multitasking system, a certain amount of RAM that is allocated as a temporary holding area so that the CPU can manipulate data before transferring it to a particular device.
cable modem:
A special type of modem that connects to a local cable TV line to provide a continuous connection to the Internet. Like an analog modem, a cable modem is used to send and receive data, but the difference is that transfer speeds are much faster. A 56 Kbps modem can receive data at about 53 Kbps, while a cable modem can achieve about 1.5 Mbps (about 30 times faster). Cable modems attach to a 10Base-T Ethernet card inside your computer.
cache:
Refers to: 1) a region of computer memory where frequently accessed data can be stored for rapid access; or 2) an optional file on your hard drive where such data also can be stored. Examples: Internet Explorer and Firefox have options for defining both memory and disk cache. The act of storing data for fast retrieval is called "caching".
captcha:
A challenge-response test in the form of an image of distorted text the user must enter that to determine whether the user is human or an automated bot.
case-sensitive:
Generally applies to a data input field; a case-sensitive restriction means lower-case letters are not equivalent to the same letters in upper-case. Example: "data" is not recognized as being the same word as "Data" or "DATA".
CBT:
Computer-Based Training; a type of training in which a student learns a particular application by using special programs on a computer. Sometimes referred to as "CAI" (Computer-Assisted Instruction) or "CBI" (Computer-Based Instruction), although these two terms may also be used to describe a computer program used to assist a teacher or trainer in classroom instruction.
CD-R drive:
A type of disk drive that can create CD-ROMs and audio CDs. CD-R drives that feature multi-session recording allow you to continue adding data to a compact disk which is very important if you plan on using the drive for backup.
CD-ROM:
Compact Disk, Read Only Memory; a high-capacity secondary storage medium. The information contained on a CD is read-only. Special CD-ROM mastering equipment available in the OIT Multimedia Lab can be reserved for creating new CDs.
CD-RW, CD-R disk:
A CD-RW disk allows you to write data onto it multiple times instead of just once (a CD-R disk). With a CD-R drive, you can use a CD-RW disk just like a floppy or zip disk for backing up files, as well as for creating CD-ROMs and audio CDs.
CGI:
Common Gateway Interface; a mechanism used by most web servers to process data received from a client browser (e.g., a user). CGI scripts contain the instructions that tell the web server what to do with the data.
chat:
Real-time communication between two or more users via networked-connected computers. After you enter a chat (or chat room), any user can type a message that will appear on the monitors of all the other participants. While most ISPs offer chat, it is not supported by OIT. However, the campus CMS (Carmen) supported by TELR does provide the capability for a live chat among students participating in online courses.
client:
A program or computer that connects to and requests information from a server. Examples: Internet Explorer or Firefox. A client program also may be referred to as "client software" or "client-server software".
daemon:
A special small program that performs a specific task; it may run all the time watching a system, or it can take action only when a task needs to be performed. Example: If an e-mail message is returned to you as undeliverable, you may receive a message from the mailer daemon.
database:
A collection of information organized so that a computer application can quickly access selected information; it can be thought of as an electronic filing system. Traditional databases are organized by fields, records (a complete set of fields), and files (a collection of records). Alternatively, in a Hypertext database, any object (e.g., text, a picture, or a film) can be linked to any other object.
degauss:
A process used to remove magnetism from a computer monitor. Note flat-panel displays do not have a degauss button since magnetism doesn't build up in them.
desktop:
On computers like IBM PC or compatibles and Macintoshes, the backdrop where windows and icons for disks and applications reside.
DHCP:
Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol; a protocol that lets a server on a local network assign temporary IP addresses to a computer or other network devices.
dialog box:
Sometimes referred to as a window; on a graphical user interface system, an enclosed area displayed by a program or process to prompt a user for entry of information in one or more boxes (fields).
Dial-Up Adapter:
A network component within Windows that enables you to connect to a dial-up server via a modem. Users running dial-up connections on Windows computers must have Dial-Up Adapter installed and properly configured.
dial-up connection:
A connection from your computer that goes through a regular telephone line. You use special communications software to instruct your modem to dial a number to access another computer system or a network. May also be referred to as "dial-up networking".
digital asset:
Intellectual content which has been digitized and can be referenced or retrieved online; for example, PowerPoint slides, audio or video files, or files created in a word processing application, etc.
EAP:
Extensible Authentication Protocol; a general protocol for authentication that also supports multiple authentication methods.
EGA:
Extended Graphics Adapter; a card (or board) usually found in older PCs that enables the monitor to display 640 pixels horizontally and 350 vertically.
eLearning:
Electronic learning; applies to a wide scope of processes including Web-based learning, computer-based instruction, virtual classrooms, and digital collaboration. Content may be delivered in a variety of ways including via the Internet, satellite broadcast, interactive TV, and DVD- or CD-ROMs.
e-mail:
Electronic mail; the exchange of messages between users who have access to either the same system or who are connected via a network (often the Internet). If a user is not logged on when a new message arrives, it is stored for later retrieval.
female connector:
A cable connector that has holes and plugs into a port or interface to connect one device to another.
field:
A single piece of information within a database (e.g., an entry for name or address). Also refers to a specific area within a dialog box or a window where information can be entered.
file:
A collection of data that has a name (called the filename). Almost all the information on a computer is stored in some type of file. Examples: data file (contains data such as a group of records); executable file (contains a program or commands that are executable); text file (contains data that can be read using a standard text editor).
filter:
Refers to: 1) a program that has the function of translating data into a different format (e.g., a program used to import or export data or a particular file); 2) a pattern that prevents non-matching data from passing through (e.g., email filters); and 3) in paint programs and image editors, a special effect that can be applied to a bit map.
finger:
A type of directory service on many UNIX systems. Queries take the format firstname_lastname (e.g., jane_doe) or for more complete information,=firstname.lastname (e.g.,=jane_doe).
firewall:
A method of preventing unauthorized access to or from a particular network; firewalls can be implemented in both hardware and software, or both.
FireWire:
A way to connect different pieces of equipment so they can quickly and easily share information. FireWire (also referred to as IEEE1394 High-Performance Serial Bus) is very similar to USB. It preceded the development of USB when it was originally created in 1995 by Apple. FireWire devices are hotly-pluggable, which means they can be connected and disconnected any time, even with the power on. When a new FireWire device is connected to a computer, the operating system automatically detects it and prompts for the driver disk (thus the reference "plug-and-play").
flash drive:
A small device that plugs into computer's USB port and functions as a portable hard drive.
flash memory:
A type of memory that retains information even after power is turned off; commonly used in memory cards and USB flash drives for storage and transfer of data between computers and other digital products.
folder:
An area on a hard disk that contains a related set of files or alternatively, the icon that represents a directory or subdirectory.
font:
A complete assortment of letters, numbers, and symbols of a specific size and design. There are hundreds of different fonts ranging from businesslike type styles to fonts composed only of special characters such as math symbols or miniature graphics.
Source: https://www.dataprise.com/it-glossary
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